Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt

This procedure is performed on persons who have enlarged ventricles as a result of increased fluid in the brain. The procedure is commonly performed on infants with hydrocephalus, also known as water on the brain. However, it may be performed in other persons with brain tumors, normal pressure hydrocephalus, or head injuries.

This procedure is usually performed under general anesthesia, which means that the person is put to sleep, feels no pain, and has no awareness of the procedure while it is under way.

A small incision is made just behind and above the right ear. A hole is drilled in the skull, and the covering of the brain called the dura is opened. A plastic tube or catheter is placed into the ventricle.

A second incision is made in the right side of the abdomen and a second catheter is placed in the abdominal (peritoneal) cavity. A tunnel is made under the skin between the two incisions and the second catheter is brought up to the first catheter. The two catheters are then attached to a one-way valve. This allows the fluid to drain when the pressure in the brain becomes too high. The two incisions are closed.

Infection of the shunt may occur. This usually requires removal of the shunt. Shunts that do not work because they are clogged need to be changed, replaced, or removed.

There is no special care required other than watching for signs of infection. Any new or worsening symptoms should be reported to the healthcare professional.

Infection of the shunt may occur. This usually requires removal of the shunt. Shunts that do not work properly may need to be changed, replaced, or removed.