Gastroparesis

In gastroparesis, the stomach does not empty properly. Food stays in the stomach for a long time. Although the exact cause is not known, gastroparesis is usually seen in people who have had diabetes for a long time.

Symptoms can be mild or severe, and include:

• abdominal distress
• nausea and vomiting, especially after eating
• a bloated feeling
• feeling full after eating a very small amount of food
• trouble controlling blood sugars in a person with diabetes

This condition is usually caused by long-standing diabetes. Poor thyroid function, certain medications, and some viral infections can cause gastroparesis.

A person with diabetes who maintains good control of his or her blood sugar is less likely to develop this condition. The healthcare provider may want to review medications which may have caused the condition, or evaluate thyroid function.

The symptoms are very suspicious in a person who has had diabetes for a long time. Sometimes medication is started to see if it helps the symptoms. If the medication works, the diagnosis is then assumed. A gastric emptying study, a test measuring how fast the stomach empties, can confirm the diagnosis.

This condition can make it very hard to control blood sugar in a person with diabetes. It can lead to a greater risk of diabetic complications.

There is no risk to others.

Eating small, frequent meals can be helpful. Avoiding fatty foods and high residue foods (popcorn, raw vegetables and fruits), which slow stomach emptying, may be helpful. Medications, such as metoclopramide (i.e., Reglan), are often used to help the stomach to move faster.

Metoclopramide (i.e., Reglan) can cause drowsiness and problems with muscle movement and balance.

Gastroparesis is generally a life-long problem and treatment is often required for life.

The person should report any return of symptoms to the healthcare provider. The provider can order another gastric emptying study to determine how well the medications are working.