Hematoma Of The Nasal Septum

Septal hematoma of the nose is a swelling or collection of blood, usually clotted blood, that occurs in the wall that separates the nostrils. It can be the result of trauma, bleeding disorders, disease, or drug use.

Symptoms of a hematoma of the nasal septum usually include:

• pain
• swelling
• discoloration, redness, or bruising
• bleeding that oozes from the nose
• black eyes
• headache
• associated fractures to the nose or to facial structures

Most hematomas of the nasal septum occur as a result of trauma from being punched or hit in the nose. Other causes include:

• collagen vascular diseases, which are disorders that cause weak arteries and therefore easy bleeding
• excessive nose picking
• harsh nose blowing
• medications that are used as anticoagulants, making blood less likely to clot
• history of drug use where the drug is "snorted" through the nose
• tumors

Sports safety guidelines for children, adolescents, and adults can prevent some injuries that lead to septal hematoma. Avoiding use of illegal drugs can eliminate hematomas caused by snorting. A person who is taking anticoagulants should have routine blood tests to check the ability of the blood to clot.

A healthcare professional can diagnose hematomas of the nasal septum by looking at the nose. Sometimes x-rays are done to view the nasal bones and facial structures to make sure there are no fractures. Cranial CT scans and cranial MRI scans can detect more serious injuries.

If a person is on medication, blood tests will be done to check the ability of the blood to clot. A complete blood cell count (CBC) will often be ordered to check for anemia, a low red blood cell count.

One possible long-term effect of a hematoma of the nasal septum is a perforation (hole) in the septum. A perforation allows air to pass from side to side within the nostrils. In addition, anemia from blood loss can occur in severe cases. Most people, however, have no problems once the hematoma has gone away.

Hematomas of the nasal septum are not contagious and cannot be spread from person to person.

Treatment of hematomas of the nasal septum includes monitoring the hematoma and using ice packs and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Sometimes a change in medication may be necessary to prevent or decrease the likelihood of bleeding. Some people require surgery to remove the hematoma and to repair any damage to the nasal septum.

Surgery can be complicated by bleeding, infection, or a reaction to the anesthetic. Medications, especially NSAIDs, can increase stomach irritation with bleeding and stomach upset.

Potential complications of treatment include disfigurement and difficulty breathing. Activity after recovering from surgery will usually be what the person can tolerate. Often a person will have gauze packing in the nose to decrease bleeding.

Any new or worsening symptoms should be reported to the healthcare professional.